Yet, it has recently attracted various emerging domains such as smart cities, smart grids, Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), robotics, machine learning, and health systems. Blockchain was first known as the enabling technology behind Bitcoin or cryptocurrency. On the other hand, blockchain technology has recently drawn the attention of both industry and academia due to its efficient characteristics represented in decentralization, immutability, consensus, fault tolerance, and enhanced security. Therefore, efficient authentication is necessary to prevent such attacks in IoV. Here, a malicious entity masquerades a legitimate user and may commit malicious activities in the network. Other types of security attacks that could be encountered in IoV environments are the attacks that target the authenticity of users. Since this information exchange takes place through an open-channel wireless network, the exchanged messages are vulnerable to various security attacks that could undermine the privacy of the communicating entities and the confidentiality of their data via eavesdropping or even affect the integrity of the transmitted messages by tampering them before reaching their target destination. However, in order for the IoV system to be able to secure such services, enormous amounts of data need to be generated and exchanged among the different IoV entities including vehicles, pedestrians, and roadside infrastructure. IoV has emerged with great potential to support various services and offer several benefits to the transportation system such as cost effectiveness, time efficiency, road safety, traffic management, evolution of smart cities, autonomous driving alarms and dynamic warning systems as well as recording fatal occurrences.
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RUN FORM VALIDATION CHECK WITH NEW RELIC DRIVERS
Hence, the IoV has appeared that can exploit and incorporate all these advanced technologies in order to provide more satisfying real-time services for vehicles’ drivers and passengers. However, with the rapid advancement in today’s technologies such as ubiquitous connectivity, wireless technologies, sensor devices, smart vehicles, and cloud computing platforms, the need for more powerful vehicular networks has increased. Different technologies have been introduced towards maintaining safer and time-efficient driving on roads, such as, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) in which the vehicles exchange data about their speed, location, etc., and other road-related information to raise their awareness about surrounding road conditions and help them making better and effective decisions. This raises the need for serious arrangements to ensure roads’ safety and traffic efficiency.
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With the huge increase in the number of vehicles on roads nowadays, more accidents and traffic congestion issues are encountered.
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Lastly, some future challenges for IoV security are discussed that are necessary to be addressed in the upcoming research. Then, a more focused review is provided on the recent blockchain-based authentication schemes in IoV and VANETs with a detailed comparative study in terms of techniques used, network models, evaluation tools, and attacks counteracted. First, a detailed background on IoV and blockchain is provided, followed by a wide range of security requirements, challenges, and possible attacks in vehicular networks. In this survey, we target the authentication part of the security system while highlighting the efficiency of blockchains in the IoV and VANETs environments. In order for the IoV and VANETs environments to be able to offer such beneficial road services, huge amounts of data are generated and exchanged among the different communicated entities in these vehicular networks wirelessly via open channels, which could attract the adversaries and threaten the network with several possible types of security attacks. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has emerged as an advancement over the traditional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) towards achieving a more efficient intelligent transportation system that is capable of providing various intelligent services and supporting different applications for the drivers and passengers on roads.